Properties of ultra-high performance concrete and conventional concrete with coal bottom ash as aggregate replacement and nanoadditives: A review

Abstract Ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) is a new type of with improved features such as high strength, long service life, ductility, and toughness. UHPC’s energy-intensive cement quartz sand may make it unsustainable despite its engineering expertise. Thus, UHPC that energy efficient environmentally benign should use less components industrial wastes. This review consolidates critically reviews the latest global research on coal bottom ash (CBA) fine aggregate replacement material nano-calcium silicate hydrate (C–S–H) additives. Based critical evaluation, replacing CBA up to 60% improves strength by 23%. Since high-quality natural depleting output increasing due power plants, industry can an aggregate. However, substitute in has been scarcely reported. Besides, nanomaterial technologies like nano-C–S–H have also proven increase traditional concrete’s 33%. But, their impact yet be fully explored. develop lower carbon footprint comparable or better performance market-available UHPC, further additive mechanical durability microstructure needed.